Numbered Publications: FOR
FOR-135: Softwood Growth Rings
Terry Conners | Jan. 10, 2020 (New)
Many softwoods look similar to the naked eye at first; the colors are often similar, maybe light-colored overlaid with tinges of yellow-brown or perhaps a slight pinkish cast. Even the weights of similarly-sized pieces (the densities) might seem similar. There are, however, differences in the wood structure that we can use to separate the various species. Two of the most important characteristics we look at are 1) the presence or absence of resin canals (as discussed previously) and 2) the appearance of the earlywood--latewood transition in annual growth rings.
FOR-138: Wood Structure and Mechanical Performance are Related
Terry Conners | Jan. 10, 2020 (New)
There is a strong correlation between wood density and mechanical properties, and this is true for both softwood and hardwood species. Density and strength properties can vary even within species due to different growth conditions.
FOR-133: Using Camera Surveys to Estimate White-tailed Deer Populations
Jonathan Matthews, Matthew Springer | Aug. 7, 2019 (New)
For the past 20 plus years, wildlife biologists have used game camera surveys to estimate population size and health in many wildlife species including white-tailed deer. Population estimates of wildlife populations have historically been conducted through capture-mark-recapture surveys, line-transect surveys, helicopter surveys, and other methods. These methods, while proven accurate, are often costly, time-consuming, and are not readily available to the average landowner. In the 1990s, researchers evaluated the reliability of camera surveys based on proven methods of population estimates. Studies indicated that camera surveys are a reliable method for accurate population estimates of white-tailed deer, and more recent studies have continued to support this method. The simple yet robust method has created a reliable, rather easily implementable tool to the public, allowing them to inventory their deer herds on the properties they own or lease.
FOR-134: Identifying and Mitigating Plant Damage Caused by the Yellow-Bellied Sapsucker
Matthew Springer | Aug. 7, 2019 (New)
Woodpeckers cause various types of damage to plants, trees, and even human structures. There are several species of woodpeckers present in Kentucky, and damage varies with species. One species of woodpecker that creates a rather unique type of damage is the yellow-bellied sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varus), which overwinters in Kentucky and then migrates north in spring.
FOR-131: A Checklist for Operators of Small Dry Kilns
Terry Conners | Aug. 31, 2018 (New)
Drying air-dried hardwood lumber to the finished moisture content (MC) requires care and attention, but it's not difficult. This document describes the steps a kiln operator should follow to get the best lumber from his/her air-dried material. It will probably be most useful for operators of small kilns, but the principles are the same regardless of kiln size or type of kiln.
FOR-132: A Start-Up Guide for Operators of Small Dry Kilns
Terry Conners | Aug. 31, 2018 (New)
Step-by-step procedures so you can keep your dry kiln operation well-organized and running properly.
FOR-128: Hardwood Dry Kiln Operation: A Manual for Operators of Small Dry Kilns
Terry Conners | Apr. 6, 2017 (New)
Green lumber is used mostly for local uses such as fence boards, barn siding and so forth. Lumber that will be glued or finished has to be dried, however, and that includes just about all the higher-value wood products used indoors such as flooring, furniture, wall paneling, cutting boards and so forth. Dry lumber can be used for more types of products and has greater marketability. Dry lumber is also worth more than green lumber.
FOR-129: Black Vulture Damage Control
Matthew Springer | Nov. 11, 2016 (New)
Vultures, as with all other wildlife, will take advantage of resources available to them, and unfortunately this behavior sometimes involves human dwellings or livestock operations. Fortunately, vultures respond well to relatively simple methods that discourage them from congregating or feeding in critical areas.
FOR-122: How to Select and Buck Logs for Railroad Ties
Terry Conners | Mar. 4, 2016 (New)
As of 2014, railroads were purchasing in the neighborhood of 25 million wooden ties each year, so the railroad tie industry can be a reliable market for loggers and sawmillers. Prices for green ties are viewed as good compared to lower-grade lumber, though actual market prices depend on immediate demand, competing lumber prices, distance from the seller to the treating plant, and tie quality and species. If you're a logger reading this article, you'll learn to make better decisions about how to select trees and logs for crossties and switch ties, and you'll be able to buck them so that they're worth more money overall.
FOR-126: Grain Patterns and Growth Rings
Terry Conners | Dec. 21, 2015 (New)
Frequently you need to be able to observe wood cells from a particular perspective, and you will need to know where to look for different features on your sample. It's also very helpful to develop a kind of "visual vocabulary" that will let you match a term with a corresponding mental image, and the information in this chapter will start you on your way.